Category Archives: Travel and Culture

How to Travel Alone, pt. 3

The following is part three of a four-part post on the joys of solo travel.

In the last two posts, I talked about the need to be prepared for what to expect, and also to be adaptable when deciding what you are going to do while you are out there.  Here, I will give a few tips on making the most of your time and creating an experience that is memorable.

6.  Be adventurous
“To awaken quite alone in a strange town is one of the pleasantest sensations in the world.” -Freya Stark

One of the best things about travelling alone is that decisions are made by a committee of one.  You can look out for number one, and do whatever you want.  If you feel like doing something, just do it.  And a good policy is to use the word “no” sparingly. I had a strict rule when I traveled alone never to turn down an invitation from new friends to go out.

One weekend I flew to Manila for a wedding, and met some friends of friends who lived in the city.  One thing led to another, and I found myself at a place called Ringside, where a new friend was called into the ring to referee a midget oil wrestling match.  Twelve hours later – after chartering a jeepney, eating balut (a duck fetus) on the street, and bartering with a security guard for an extra pair of pants in order to get into a club with a strict dress code – we went to get breakfast.  Sometimes life comes at you fast.  The best thing to do is just roll with it.

A couple months after that crazy night in Manila, I went to Malapascua Island in northern Cebu in the Philippines to go see some manta rays and thresher sharks that come to bathe in a shoal off the island.  A small crew – a couple of Aussies and Luna, a friend from Japan holding the balut to the left of me in the picture above – all met up independently on the island over the course of a few days, coming from all over the Philippines.

To see the sharks, we needed to get up at 4 AM in order to make it out to the shoal by sunrise.  It turned out to be worth the early wake-up time, as I came face-to-face with a four-meter wide manta ray.

Sunrise in the Pacific Ocean – about to see some sharks.

In the afternoon, Luna and I went to explore the island.  Our dive master told us about a cockfight that was happening in the afternoon and told us to come check it out.  I made sure I had enough money in my wallet to place a few bets, and we started wandering around the island looking a group of shouting Filipinos holding roosters.  It took about 20 minutes.

This brings me to my next point – gambling is a fun thing to do while you travel.  I won $200 playing blackjack in Mendoza, Argentina, by following the lead of the guy next to me, who counted cards.  In Thailand, my brother and I bet against the Thais at a muay-thai boxing fight in Chiang Mai.  My brother is a bit older than I am and lived in Bangkok for a few months when he was 23, and made a documentary about American ex-pats living in Thailand.  On this occasion, after winning $20 by betting on an Argentine fighter against a Thai, he shared some wisdom: “At these fights, always bet on the white guy.” Almost certainly, he will be twice the size of his (or her – we saw a lady-boxing match too) opponent.

But in Malapascua, it was different, since it was roosters, rather than people, who were fighting.  I had never bet on fighting cocks before, and I didn’t really speak the local language either.  So I found a guy who spoke broken English to place my bets for me, and put 500 pesos on “blue.”  For those who have not seen a cockfight, it isn’t pretty and it’s over quick.  I won, or so I thought.  I intended to bet on the Filipino handler in the blue shirt – whose bird ended up winning – but the guy placing my bets thought I meant the fighting cock with blue ribbon tied to its spur.  Just one of those cultural things that gets lost in translation.

Sadly, I lost that bet.  But, with a lesson learned, I won the next four consecutive fights.  Turns out, I’m a natural.

On another occasion, I went to the Aboakyer Festival in Winneba, a town two hours southwest of Accra in Ghana where my friend had just rented an apartment.  Calling it an apartment is really charitable, since it was a room in a converted beach resort with a tiny bathroom and kitchen that he paid about $40 a month to rent.   There were 5 of us sleeping in the room.  Me and another person were on the floor, three were were packed into the bed, and my buddy and his girlfriend – the rightful tenants of the apartment – went to sleep on the beach.  On the second night, the electricity went out, and I tripped and fell down the front steps while trying to brush my teeth, and scraped up my leg.

The next morning, I said goodbye to my friends and left to find a tro-tro that would take me to Cape Coast.  I wasn’t really sure where I was going or what I was going to do.  I had the name of a guesthouse on the beach that was supposed to be pretty cool.  When I arrived after two hours, I disembarked in the center of town and sat down at a roadside food stand to eat some rice and collect my thoughts.   I had made the mistake of not cleaning my cut the night before, and it had started to become infected.  Fortunately, I was well-versed in self-care when it comes to travel wounds from my escapades in Asia. So, after getting my bearings, I went to find a pharmacy to buy some hydrogen peroxide and some gauze to clean my cut.

I remember sitting on a plastic chair outside the pharmacy, pouring hydrogen peroxide on my legs, and looking up to see a couple of Ghanaian women laughing at me.  I guess I probably did seem a bit out of place – a white guy in a tank top and board shorts cleaning himself up on the street in Cape Coast.   So I made some self-deprecating remark about my clumsiness, and they laughed even more.

Memories like those are particularly vivid.  They are the moments when you ask yourself, like Rimbaud in Ethiopia, “What the hell am I doing here?”  When you find yourself asking that question a lot, you know are you doing the right thing.

Where I disembarked in Elmina, the next town over from Cape Coast

Another of those experiences happened when I was in Burma.  It was my first day there and my friend and I dropped our bags at the guesthouse and went to explore Rangoon.  We first needed to book a bus trip up north, and I got taken for a few dollars (I think) by some swindlers in the main market when we went to go change money – not a great start.  But then we went over to the equivalent of Central Park in Rangoon, where couples were lounging on the benches and families were relaxing by the water.  After a half-hour of zig-zagging along boardwalks through the park, we came upon a small group of people.  Some kids were drumming, and others were dressed in all yellow, and covered with some sort of yellow paint.  Clearly, something was about to happen.

After a half-hour, I felt like moving on, but my friend insisted we stay for a few more minutes.  Suddenly, hundreds of people came marching into the park, followed by drummers and people carrying a statue of a Hindu god.  What followed blew my mind.  The people in yellow began going into violent trances, and had to be restrained by others.  I saw an old woman knocked to the ground by a young woman flailing her arms wildly.  A kid my age pierced his tongue with a miniature trident, while people were chanting loudly.  Eventually, the procession led out of the park and into a nearby field, where a bed of hot coals had been laid out.  A test of the faithful, apparently.

One of the best parts of traveling alone is novelty of new experiences and unpredictable nature of things.  One minute you are sitting quietly in a park; the next, you are watching a Hindu fire-walking ceremony.

How to Travel Alone, pt. 2

The following is part two of a three-part post on the joys of solo travel.

The other day I talked about the need to be prepared.  Today, I will talk about going with the flow.

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3.  Be adaptable

“A good traveler has no fixed plan and is not intent on arriving.”  – Lao Tzu

I think you need to strike a balance between planning and winging it.  Do enough research to cover your bases and make sure you don’t end up in a situation you can’t handle.  Make an itinerary for yourself, but don’t feel the need to stick to it with a religious zeal.  When you are going to a new place, it helps to book a room in a guesthouse, but only do it for one night, just in case the place turns out to be dodgy.  Try to avoid being homeless, and but don’t commit to one place so and make it so that you can’t bail if you feel like it.

There are a few schools of thought on traveling.  Some people like depth – spending a lot of time in one place, relaxing and enjoying the peace of mind that comes from being able to drop your backpack, knowing that you don’t have to pick it up again for another week.  Others want to see it all, and feel like every minute spent here is a minute not spent there.  My father falls in the latter, while my brother is more the former.  I fall somewhere in the middle, and take it on a case-by-case basis.

Sometimes friends materialize out of nowhere.

In Ghana, for example, I took a tro-tro from my buddy’s place in Winneba down to Cape Coast and Elmina, expecting to spend a day before moving West to a place called the Green Turtle Lodge.  When I arrived at the Stumble Inn, a cheap resort run by a Dutch couple in Elmina, I put my bag down and took a nap by the beach.  Moving west would mean packing up my bag again and taking another four-hour tro-tro down.  Tired of traveling, I decided to kick back and relax.  A week later, I settled my bill and moved on.

I made a friend at the guesthouse, and my buddy and his girlfriend came down from Winneba to a few nights there after a village stay with a farmer fell through.  The water was nice, the bar was stocked, the food was good, and, by pure chance, I happened to have a few friends around.  Why spoil a good thing?

But sometimes the stars don’t align the way you had hoped.  After an amazing four days of scuba diving in Coron, an island in Palawan that was the inspiration for the novel The Beach, I flew to Manila.  I was planning on taking a bus up north to La Union, a town northern Luzon, to do some surfing.  I bid farewell to a friend I’d met on the boat, and walked to the exit to hail a taxi at around 7 PM.  The main terminal in Ninoy Aquino International Airport has huge glass walls with a view of the city.

The view from the bar at the SeaDive Resort in Coron. Also featured in Andrew Sullivan's "View from your Window" contest.

I took a moment to reflect on my plans.  Looking out at the city skyline, I thought about the traffic, the pollution, and the seedy red light district where my favorite guesthouse happened to be located.  After a few contemplative minutes, I turned around, walked up to the Cebu Pacific ticket counter and bought a flight to Cebu that night for $30.  I got on the next flight and arrived in Cebu City at 11, called a friend to get a recommendation for a place to stay, took a taxi there and booked a room.

The next morning, I got up early and took a bus to Moalboal, a town two hours south that someone recommended in Coron.  Twenty meters below the surface of the ocean, surrounded by millions of sardines off the coast of Pescadero Island, the decision to re-write the plan was validated.

Pescador Island in Moalboal, Cebu, Philippines

Sometimes, things work out the way you expect.  Sometimes, they don’t.  The best thing to do is to not worry too much about seeing everything, but also not become completely complacent and stop moving after the first day.  If you can find good people and a guesthouse with a bar and preferably a view of the ocean, then my advice is to just take it easy.

Sweet sea turtle in Moalboal

4. Pick up a  New Hobby

“Most of my treasured memories of travel are recollections of sitting.” – Robert Thomas Allen

Playing cards on the beach in Ghana

Whenever I hit the road, I always bring a deck of cards and my Yahtzee dice.  There are few things more enjoyable than sitting around playing cards for hours, preferably at the beach in a bar overlooking the beach.

Yahtzee is a great one too, since you can play one game for hours and it really never gets old.   According to legend, the game was invented in 1954 by an anonymous Canadian couple.  They called it Yahtzee because they played it when they were cruising around the world on their yacht, which may be the reason that the game appeals to me so much.  With the slogan “The fun game that makings thinking fun!”, Yahtzee keeps the neurons firing after a week of lazy hammock-lounging.

When I went to visit some friends living in Buenos Aires a few years ago, they told me about an amazing game they’d picked up and had been playing non-stop for the last six months.  When I returned to the U.S., I bought the Yahtzee Deluxe edition, with a leather-bound rolling cup.  Everywhere I’ve gone, I’ve taught at at least one person to play, and keep the cycle going.

It is cool to pick up a hobby also.  I had a friend living in rural South Korea who learned to juggle to pass the time.  It’s an amazing idea.  So, every since then, when I’m on the road alone and waiting for a bus or just trying to pass the time, I can still be learning a sweet skill.

Juggling in Burma

Juggling in the Philippines

5.  Bring Speakers

You never know when you might want to play some tunes

See the speakers next to the sink.

In the next post, I will talk about the importance of being adventurous and opening up to people on the road.


DEVELOP ECONOMIES’ MUSIC RECOMMENDATION

How to Travel Alone, pt. 1

The following is part one of a three-part post about the joys of solo travel.

“It seemed an advantage to be traveling alone. Our responses to the world are crucially moulded by the company we keep, for we temper our curiosity to fit in with the expectations of others…Being closely observed by a companion can also inhibit our observation of others; then, too, we may become caught up in adjusting ourselves to the companion’s questions and remarks, or feel the need to make ourselves seem more normal than is good for our curiosity.”

– Alain de Botton, The Art of Travel

Two years ago this month, I left my home in Boston and moved to the Philippines.  During that time, I traveled solo through Asia and parts of Africa.  Traveling with companions is easier.  Being alone on the road can be a bit more daunting, but it is worth it.

In Kep, Cambodia - first time on a motorbike.

I’ve explored sunken Japanese shipwrecks in the Philippines, biked through Angkor Wat in Cambodia, and celebrated the Buddhist New Year festival, Thingyan, in Burma.  After crashing a motorbike in Koh Phanang off the coast of Thailand, I spent five days in Bangkok, nursing my wounds in an Israeli guesthouse.  I spent a month backpacking through Ghana, planning my next move a day in advance.  I went on a safari in Kenya with a family of nine Koreans, none of whom spoke any English.

A lot of people don’t like to travel alone.  Some people feel that companionship makes the experience easier and more navigable.  Having someone to commiserate with when your bus breaks down in the middle of nowhere, or to pay the bill at the hostel when you are bedridden with food poisoning.  Others believe experiences are amplified when shared with others.   And some people just don’t like being alone.

I happen to agree with all of these things.  But sometimes, no one is around and you have to go it alone.  The best thing to do is embrace the sense of adventure, uncertainty, and relish in the joys of self-reliance.

So here is some advice to the lone traveler, with only a backpack, a Lonely Planet guidebook, and the inside of their head to keep them company.

Counting kyats in Burma

1.  Be prepared

Before you leave, it helps to have an idea in your head of what to expect when you arrive.  For example, Burma has no ATM machines and they only accept brand-new, mint condition bills.  Two British kids I met outside the IMAX theater in Bangkok (I went to see Avatar) told me to go the main headquarters of the largest bank in Thailand and exchange Thai baht for mint condition US currency.  In the airport in Vietnam I had to lend an Austrian girl $50 to pay for her visa because she thought she could use Euros.

In the old days before the information age, it was more difficult to know what to expect, which added to the adventure.  Today, you can find out anything on the Internet.  Knowing what you need before you need it is important, since you are unlikely to get a whole lot of sympathy from some stir-crazy customs officials.

2.   Be proactive

Guidebooks like the Lonely Planet are useful to get your bearings in a country and survey the landscape.  They have sample itineraries that can be more useful than others.  In Burma, a photocopied version of the guidebook that my friend bought in Cambodia proved useful in planning an 8-day jaunt around the country.   In places like Thailand, however, relying on the guidebook for advice can lead you to the most heavily-trafficked locations, which detracts from the authenticity of the experience.

The best sources of information are who have lived in the country, since they typically know the best places.  If you can, try to link up with friends and friends of friends living there.  Being a Kiva Fellow is nice, since there is a vast network for alumni and people on the ground in developing countries around the world.  In Cambodia, knowing the right exchange rate helps not to get ripped off.  In Burma especially, the ex-pats living in the country have been there for years.  A friend of a friend took around Thingyan, which turned out to be the best party I’ve been to in my life.

Consulting the Lonely Planet at a roadside teahouse in Rangoon

In my next post, I will talk about the importance of being adaptable.


DEVELOP ECONOMIES’ MUSIC RECOMMENDATION

Thoughts on Rugged Altruism

One sign that the U.S. political scene has reached rock bottom is David Brooks writing one of his weekly columns about development workers in Nairobi.  In “The Rugged Altruists,” Brooks discusses the virtues possessed by three smart, young development workers in the course of doing this work.

The first is courage – a willingness to move to a place foreign in all senses of the world.  They go to learn about what they don’t understand, and put themselves in situations for which they have no paradigm.  Through this process of immersion, the come out stronger on the other side, more well-rounded and knowledgeable about a new culture.

The second virtue is deference, which Brooks describes as “the willingness to listen and learn from the moral and intellectual storehouses of the people you are trying to help.” People often come in thinking they know the answers to the problems they’ve come to try to solve.  Quickly they realize how little they actually know – a multitude of cultural nuances and specific, sometimes heartbreaking fundamental barriers they never could have imagined exist.  The adaptable ones step back and take a moment re-calibrate their expectations, before approaching the situation from a different angle.  They accept what they don’t understand – context – and seek out teachers to show them the way.

The last and, in Brooks’ opinion, most important virtue is thanklessness.  When there are no prizes for first place, nor much recognition at all for a job well done, the work becomes a labor of love, driven by passion more than anything else.  Sometimes the problems are so great that incremental improvement becomes the barometer for success.  Will it change the world?  Probably not.  But it will make a big difference for a few people – maybe even a whole community – and that is laudable.

These virtues exist everywhere I’ve been.  The IT manager at the MFI I worked for in the Philippines used to tell his team of programmers that they should strive for anonymity.  No one acknowledges the IT department unless something goes wrong.  Yet, without their work, the organization could not function as well as it does.  Leaving a legacy in the form of perfection, where no one realizes the importance of your work, is the ultimate goal.

In Ghana, my Ghanaian coworkers would stress about how it was a travesty that the rice farmers they worked with had no market for their paddy, or that the largest juice processor rejected an entire harvest of pineapples because they’d mismanaged the finances at the company.  My closest friends worked for Engineers Without Borders Canada, an admirably driven group committed to making agriculture more competitive in Africa.  On one memorable occasion, over a few Stars, a few of them were talking about how much shit pigs could eat.  “Back in the village when I had typhoid, I was shitting outside my hut every ten minutes.  Every time I went outside, it was gone.” Another day, another dollar.

Now, in Kenya, the mixture of talent and principles on display is unlike anything I’ve ever seen.  On a daily basis, I meet people who, within the development community, are legendary for changing the paradigm altogether.  It is an easy place to feel inspired.

A farmer with One Acre Fund

I think Brooks nails the virtues.  But these virtues are not necessarily elemental.   People are always looking to challenge themselves in different ways, and putting yourself in an unfamiliar situation where you have to rely on your wits and judgment to figure out the right moves is not uncommon for any young person I think.  Showing deference to people more knowledgeable is certainly a virtue learned through experience, but it is also common sense.  And thanklessness, to me, comes with the territory.  In the beginning of the article, he segments development workers into the ones making a difference and those just taking up space.  I have my own opinions about what works and what doesn’t, but I think it is unfair to make judgments about the latter.  Everyone is out here for different reasons, but a common denominator is the belief that you can make things better, which is a noble motive.  Some people are doing a better job than others, but everyone is trying.

The broader goal of achieving perspective is important.  Escaping the bubble that influences the way you see the world and surrounding yourself with people who bring to bear a set of life experiences completely different from your own expands your own worldview.   Being somewhere different from where you were formed influences your political and religious views.  Basic fundamental values, concepts of right and wrong, should be malleable in the face of new information.  Pursuit of different perspectives – which are often radically different in places where the value system is defined by forces you’ve never encountered – offers the chance to truly empathize with people, based on tangible experience rather than abstract ideas.

I see the virtues Brooks highlights in his column everywhere I go.   Everyone shares these virtues, but probably doesn’t ever actulaly think about them (with the exception of deference).  There also people hungry for perspective, trying to understand how everyone else thinks and learn how the world works.  That is probably what makes people on the road so interesting.

Caylee’s Law and Irrational Legislation

Georgia O'Keefe meets The Economist

Casey Anthony, the young mother accused of killing her two year-old daughter Caylee, was found not guilty of first-degree murder.  The world, it seems, is very angry that a young girl has been denied justice.  Unfortunately, the reaction will be similar to other injustices involving children or sex (in the United States): a radical, emotionally-driven push to ratchet up the penalties for a broader set of crimes and put in place irrational safeguards to ensure that such injustices never happen again.  At times like these, it is best to do what Hemingway did and just put the pencil down, head to the bar for a stiff drink, and don’t think about it again until tomorrow.

This, unfortunately, is not the way the world works.  A crisis is a terrible thing to waste, and the politicians are wasting no time in scoring points by introducing something called Caylee’s Law.  The crank of criminal penalties is self-locking, moving forward, but never moving back.  It is easy to get a law on the books, particularly when it is named after a victim of highly public and terrible crime.  The quickest way out of office for a politician is to be labeled as “soft on crime” (the tagline for Caylee’s Law is “a law to protect children” – are you opposed to protecting children, Mr. Senator?)   In contrast, a very easy way to gain votes is to appeal to people’s insecurities, foremost of which is fear of being victimized or, worse, having their child become the victim of a crime.  So laws are passed and put on the books in the heat of the moment and, regardless of whether they do more harm than good, are there to stay.

Sex offender laws are the most vulnerable to irrational expansion.  The direction is always toward the most Draconian, as an Economist article from 2009 points out:

Sex-offender registries are popular. Rape and child molestation are terrible crimes that can traumatise their victims for life. All parents want to protect their children from sexual predators, so politicians can nearly always win votes by promising curbs on them. Those who object can be called soft on child-molesters, a label most politicians would rather avoid. This creates a ratchet effect. Every lawmaker who wants to sound tough on sex offenders has to propose a law tougher than the one enacted by the last politician who wanted to sound tough on sex offenders.

So laws get harsher and harsher. But that does not necessarily mean they get better. If there are thousands of offenders on a registry, it is harder to keep track of the most dangerous ones. Budgets are tight. Georgia’s sheriffs complain that they have been given no extra money or manpower to help them keep the huge and swelling sex-offenders’ registry up to date or to police its confusing mass of rules. Terry Norris of the Georgia Sheriffs’ Association cites a man who was convicted of statutory rape two decades ago for having consensual sex with his high-school sweetheart, to whom he is now married. “It doesn’t make it right, but it doesn’t make him a threat to anybody,” says Mr Norris. “We spend the same amount of time on that guy as on someone who’s done something heinous.”

The cycle continues this way as laws are haphazardly placed on the books in the wake of trials like this one.  Four states are now considering something called “Caylee’s Law,” which will make it a felony to fail to report your child missing for more 24 hours.  This is because Casey, the mother of two year-old Caylee, failed to report her missing child for a month and, instead, participated in a “hard-body contest” at a bar.  Here is the description:

Wesselhoft, a Republican, plans to propose a law at the start of Oklahoma’s legislative session in 2012 that would make it a felony for a parent of guardian not to notify authorities within 24 hours of a child’s death. He also plans to propose a requirement for parents to notify runaways under the age of 12 in a timely manner, although he admits having a time table for that is “more difficult because you don’t know when the clock starts,” he said.

“It probably won’t be a deterrent to crime, but at least it’s something the prosecutors can charge someone with who’s violated the law,” he said. “If this law was in Florida, Casey would have some more jail time to stand.”

It is upsetting when justice is not done.  But creating a law so that people who are found not guilty of crimes for which we wish they had been convicted can “have some more jail time to stand” strikes me as counterproductive at best and damaging to society at worst.  The purpose of penalties is to deter criminals.  The reason a person cannot get the death penalty for rape (despite attempts to change the laws after sensational trials – i.e. “Jessica’s Law”) is that it creates an incentive for murder.  If the penalty for rape and murder are the same, it makes perfect sense to then kill the person and hide the evidence, since the penalty will be no different.  The penalty is supposed to deter the action – that’s what penalties do.  So, ten years from now, when everyone has forgotten the name “Caylee Anthony,” her name will live on as part of a law that may well see another young mother who let her child attend a sleepover and failed to call the police when she didn’t return go to jail on felony charges.

This is a hypothetical.  But too often in the heat of the moment we are collectively irrational, exposing the legal system designed to protect our liberties to radical change at the hands of opportunistic politicians.  It is important to consider the ramifications, lest we put a sodomy law on the books (wait, we already did that).

Anyways, 142 million people watched the Casey Anthony verdict or listened to it on the radio.  Meanwhile, 200 migrants from Sudan died in the Gulf of Aden this week when their boat caught fire on the way to Yemen, and the latest news from North Korea is that starving people are forced eat grass (again).  These, of course, are just two of the many terrible injustices happening in the world right now.  There are others, to be sure, though these two were at the top of my Google Reader.

Yesterday I wrote about the need for marketing of injustice in the developing world.  I talked about the short attention-span of the average consumer of news in the United States and explained why I thought the critics of Nicholas Kristof who accuse him of patronizing his readers with white protagonists and “bridge characters” were wrong.  Until people start caring about the issue Kristof writes about or “Blood Diamond” dramatizes in the same way that they care about the Casey Anthony verdict, I will hold my ground.

The Evolution of Develop Economies

“Write without pay until somebody offers to pay you. If nobody offers within three years, sawing wood is what you were intended for.”- Mark Twain

I think about this quote a lot, and by a lot, I mean once, two days ago, when I saw it referenced by Roger Ebert as he discussed his two years of weekly submissions to the New Yorker caption contest finally paying off.  It was linked to by Robert Mankoff, the cartoon editor of the New Yorker, a funny man with an equally funny blog.  I too have made submissions to the New Yorker caption contest, though I usually just use quotes from the Vin Diesel classic XXX.  In fact, every week for the last six months, I’ve alternated between “Now that business is over, we party” and “Everything’s okay… with enough vodka.”  Apparently, the folks at the New Yorker find my sense of humor a little too post-modern, whatever that means.

“Everything's okay... with enough vodka.”

Anyways, I thought for about five minutes about how I could turn this quote into a blog post, much the same way Quentin Tarantino decides on the soundtrack for his films before he writes the script (note: unverified).  It was surprisingly easy, since it has been exactly 18 months (as of four days ago) since Develop Economies first entered the blogosphere with an article titled “Filipina Heart” about my first flight from Boston to Manila, during which I sat next to a man from Illinois wearing a sleeveless T-shirt who was going to meet a young lady for a few weeks of fun in the sun, a la George “Rentboy” Rekers, except slightly less funny, though equally tragic.

For those unfamiliar with the Roman calendar, 18 months is exactly half of three years and I, presumably like Mark Twain, continue to not be paid.  For the first year I had a link to Paypal on the sidebar asking people to support me in my travel.  Only two people ever tried to give me money.  I turned down one because he was also an unpaid Kiva Fellow and I’d just come back from a fairly self-indulgent diving trip around the Philippines, and the other because I couldn’t actually accept the money, as my Paypal account was frozen after I forgot my password and I screwed up the identity verification process, necessitating that I receive a letter from Paypal and re-send it back to them to prove I am who I am.  I lost out on $20, and, to this day, my account continues to be frozen.

Again, I digress.  Despite not being paid, I have now surpassed the somewhat impressive 200-post count (an average of one post every three days for the last 18 months).   The number of page views – more than 150,000 – means nothing, since my blog became a target of spammers somewhere around Thanksgiving of last year.  Do I feel like Rodney Dangerfield (“I stuck my head out the window and got arrested for mooning”)?  Not really, since blogging has been so good to me.  After all, if I wasn’t writing all the time, I’d probably become like Will Smith in Men in Black and people back home would be saying, “Josh has been in the bathroom for a long time – I hope he’s OK.”

My writing style has evolved over time, as long-time readers of this blog can attest.  One of my most loyal readers described my style as “very French” – “these, antithese, synthese” – which I, as an American, interpreted as “weak” and banned him from the site.  The blog started as a means of keeping my family and friends apprised of my travels.  Eventually, as I became more engaged in the subject matter, it turned into a blog about microfinance.  I didn’t appreciate getting atomic wedgies every time I told people I was a “blogger” – particularly since I was 25 at the time – so I changed it to a “journal of microfinance, economic development, and culture.” As I grew interested in other aspects of development, I expanded the scope to include anything that pertained to poverty alleviation in the developing world, which is more or less what it is today.

In order to let my readers know that I wasn’t taking myself too seriously and remind them that I am still immature, I used to write fairly frequently about growing a beard (see here, here, here, here, and here).  Early readers remember that, in my previous job helping the rich get richer, I was unable to embark on this critical male rite of passage because it would take at least two weeks to reach a respectable level where I didn’t look like I’d been sleeping in a tent in the woods, eating only what I’d killed.  When I did start growing the beard, it became quickly apparent that the region between my lower lip and chin were a barren wasteland that looked like Carthage after the Roman general Scipio Aemilianus Africanus plowed over the city and sowed the earth with salt during the Third Punic War.  This was a source of humor to me, and to my readers as well, which I assume helped humanize me a little bit.  After all, someone told me the other day that when they first met me I seemed “self-absorbed,” which, to some extent, is true.  (By the time you reach the end of this self-indulgent and presumptuous post, you’ll know what they meant.)

Eventually, in a purely organic fashion, I began gathering a following (not a big one – more like Raelism than Scientology).  Because I’m a Luddite when it comes to social media, I initially dismissed anyone who used Twitter as a tool, sight unseen.  Now I have a Twitter account (my “handle” is #developeconomy), which automatically tweets my posts and only my posts, leading me to wonder why anyone is following me at all.  Initially, my father was the only one who commented on any of my posts, always using a pseudonym from Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand (usually it was “John Galt,” but he occasionally dropped a few comments as “Hank Reardon”).  Soon, others started commenting.  People began emailing me out of the blue, asking about this or that, telling them that they were going to this place or that place and had read my post and wanted to learn more about it.  Finally, I was receiving the validation that poor Rodney never got.

I began reading about how to expand your readership.  The two big recommendations were to post regularly and engage your existing readers.  So I started posting more often.  But writing “journal” posts takes time, particularly if you have to teach yourself about relatively complex issues before venturing an opinion on certain matters.  By that point, I’d learned a lot about microfinance and the fundamental causes of poverty, so I could comment on what other people were writing without having to research the topic extensively.  Drawing inspiration from Andrew Sullivan at the Daily Dish, I was able to maintain a steady supply of posts without a huge amount of effort.  This is why reader #1, Ed, described my style as “very French.”  I’d present someone else’s thesis, then explain why I agreed or disagreed with it.

Each post followed the same basic structure, with some variation.  The post would start with an introduction of the topic and a basic overview of the key information.  The next paragraph would paraphrase the central thesis of whatever article I was discussing.  I’d quote a few paragraphs from the article, without worrying about keeping it short, since the word count stays the same, irrespective of the author.  Then, in a stream-of-consciousness manner, explain what I found right or wrong about the conclusion, drawing on my education as a philosophy minor to break down the argument to its premises and address them individually.  Then I’d hit post, without checking my work, as I have done since I was in second grade when my teachers would tear apart my cursive writing worksheets because I had rushed through them to get it over with (instead of becoming more adept at writing script, I just stopped using cursive when I was in 5th grade and never looked back.) Again, loyal readers no doubt know that a good Develop Economies post is not without its share of grammatical errors.

These, antithese, synthese.  Adopting this style allowed me to do two things.  First, I have blogged more prolifically than I ever would have thought myself capable.  Second, it has really broadened the scope of my learning, which is really what writing this blog is all about.  Now, I didn’t have to sit down for two hours and read about how to create a credit bureau for microfinance institutions.  Instead, I could just read what someone else was saying, and comment on their argument.  As a result, I’d become knowledgeable about more without sacrificing volume.  Those who cannot do, criticize.  I chose the latter.

Whenever I really wanted to learn about an issue, I’d sit down and read about it with the intention of writing a post at the end.  Longer posts became an excuse to study things my limited attention span would have normally precluded me from learning about.  Posts became assignments, similar to an essay I’d write in college.  I’d write one dense and heavily-researched post every two or three weeks.   In an effort to raise my profile, I started writing for Next Billion, the first blog I’d started reading when I first became interested in market-driven approaches to poverty alleviation.  I’ve posted about six times on Next Billion, and look forward to continue writing for them in the future.  My first post on Simpa Networks, an off-grid solar energy company started by two people I’d met a year earlier and had kept in touch with over the years, was a momentous occasion.  It reflected something of a milestone.  I was now writing for the blog that introduced me to all this.  I felt like Darth Vader fighting Obi Wan Kenobi in the first Star Wars movie: “At first I was but the learner; now I am the master.”  Now you know why I was still getting atomic wedgies when I was 25.

Develop Economies and I have evolved in tandem.  The journal is a reflection of my personal direction, which is ironic, since, after spending nine months in Southeast Asia, six months in West Africa, and now, coming up on a month in East Africa, I have come to the conclusion that I am directionless.  I still enjoy going back and reading my earlier posts, since it allows me to turn back and look down the steep slope of the learning curve I’ve climbed over the last 18 months and watch Sisyphus pushing the rock up the hill.

So, for those readers that have been with me since the beginning, thanks for sticking it out.  I’d be interested to hear how you think this blog has developed.  If I get no comments at the end of this, I might feel a little bit like that guy in Jerry Maguire, that movie about Scientology.  And for anyone else who is reading this and wants to pay me, I have a year and a half before I move to Canada and work in a sawmill, so just let me know.

Roger Ebert's winning caption. I would have gone with "Now that business is over, we party."

The Next Viral Video (Congrats to Anica and Navin)


Today I was cranking away at work at the way-cool iHub, when I got a message from a friend with a link to the Boston Globe.  When I opened it, I had to smile, since it is amazing.  A good friend, former prom date, and the only person I’ve ever met who is definitely smarter than me (except for all the other people) just got engaged, and it made it to the Globe:

Navin Kumar, 27, caused a scene at Harvard on Saturday when he proposed to his longtime girlfriend, Westwood’s Anica Law, 26, during their fifth-year college reunion. Navin, who met Anica at Annenberg Hall on the second day of their freshman year, surprised Anica with a choreographed, lip-synched performance ofBruno Mars’s “Just the Way You Are’’ in front of a huge crowd before he presented her with a ring. His college roommates served as backup dancers. Anica said yes, of course. Both Navin and Anica are residents at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in the internal medicine program. Navin told us that it took him and his pals about an hour to choreograph the dance.

This is the girl who I took to my senior prom in my dad’s car because I was too cheap to pay for a limousine (granted, it was a sort-of nice car with leather seats, which is how I justified it).  Now she and her husband-to-be are about to be some of the best doctors in the city with the best doctors in the world (Boston – my adopted hometown).  So congratulations to Navin and Anica, and enjoy this amazing video.

Dispatch From a Shrinking Planet

“I don’t know where I’m going but I’m on my way.” – Carl Sagan

Develop Economies, the alter ego for my life on the road, is almost a year and a half old.  I’ve been to three continents, eleven countries, and spent too many hours in buses, planes, ferries, and motorbikes.  And the people I have met along the way have been memorable.

A cliff in Malapascua

In the Philippines, I spent most of my time with Filipinos, a handful of laid-back Australians in their 20’s and 30’s, a crew of Germans fresh out of high school living on farms and teaching Aikido to street kids, sampling their first taste of freedom and being of legal drinking age in a country where liquor are cheap, and a few American Peace Corps volunteers who, for the most part, are still there and are having an increasingly difficult time finding a reason to leave.  I spent a lot of time in the bush, with loan officers from my MFI, at the bar with my co-workers, or at Siberia with the Germans, the only serious night club in town (I’m not much of a clubber, but I tend to do what the Romans do, and Germans go clubbing).  In fact, I was never a huge fan of Germans for obvious historical reasons until I met some awesome ones running around the Philippines.  Now, I’m sold.

Halfway through, a few friends who were teaching in South Korea came to visit.  I flew back from a conference in Manila, met them at the Bacolod port, boarded the last ferry to Iloilo at 5 PM, and killed time playing cards at the bar until 3 AM, when the first van left for the island paradise and party hotspot of Boracay.   When we finished the would-be six-hour drive three hours later thanks to the huevos of steel borne by the driver, the room wasn’t ready so I called it a night and went to sleep at 7 AM on the beach.

Sunset in Boracay. I'm the second from the left.

On the boat, Malapascua Island, Cebu, Philippines

At the end of my time there, I took a whirlwind scuba-diving trip around the country, exploring sunken WWII Japanese warships in a town called Coron off the coast of Palawan, where the novel, “The Beach” supposedly drew its inspiration.  I came face-to-face with a four-meter manta ray who’d come to get so fresh and so clean at a shoal in Malapascua off the coast of Cebu.  The day before, I was surrounded by a school of sardines – millions of them – in Moalboal, a beach town eight hours south on the western coast of Cebu.  I mostly traveled alone, and met some cool people along the way.  I dove with a woman representing Slovenia at the World Expo in Shanghai, a professor of comparative religion in Germany, an Italian banker, and some Filipino rastas who happened to be Rotarians.  Diving is a great way to meet people, since you’re out on a boat in the middle of the ocean for eight hours a day, three days in a row, with nothing to do but eat, drink, share stories and play cards.  In fact, some of my best memories are from either from the deck of a boat in the Pacific Ocean, or the bungalows and beachfront bars where I spent most of my nights. Continue reading

Music in Ghana: High Life, Hip Life, and Gospel

As a generalization, African music is some of the best in the world.  In fact, most of the rest of the best music in the world is derived from African music, in one way or another.  Jazz, blues, bluegrass, rock and roll, and reggae can trace their roots to an African lineage.  I’m not sure why the number of African bands to make it on a global scale is so limited, but it is a missed opportunity.  Graceland by Paul Simon put Ladysmith Black Mambazo on the map, in part because the release of the album happened during apartheid, but also because the music was so good.  Fela Kuti, the Nigerian protest singer, and Oliver Mtukudzi from Zimbabwe, and Osibisa from Ghana (and other places), all have epic catalogues, but their international success puts them in the minority.  So, now that I have left Ghana, it is a good time for me to give a rundown of the music I’ve been listening to for the last six months.

High Life:

High life is among the most popular styles of music in Ghana.  It is breezy and upbeat with a quick drum line.  The most famous highlife group is called Osibisa.  It is an old school throwback band from the 70’s, 80’s, and 90’s.  The core members are Ghanaians who studied music in the UK and formed an international super-group comprised of different nationalities.

1.  Osibisa – “Sunshine Day”

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CNN is a Joke

CNN is supposed to be a serious news outlet.  To see its penchant for outrageous self-calls, one need look no further than its slogan, “the worldwide leader in news.” Of course, it’s not, and never has been.  If BBC and Al Jazeera are Hemingway, CNN is R.L. Stine (though CNN International, and specifically Fareed Zakaria, are pretty good).  But CNN.com, the website component of CNN, makes the television network look like The Sun Also Rises.

Its hard-hitting news stories, with titles like “Zsa Zsa Gabor to be a mother at 94?,” and a section between the “Opinion” and “Travel sections called “The Royal Wedding,” have led me to check my pre-conceived notions about the worldwide leader and take it with a grain of salt.  But something I read today was truly pathetic.  CNN has re-posted an article from Vice magazine, a hipster bible, with the following caption:

The staff at CNN.com has been intrigued by the journalism of Vice, an independent media company and Web site based in Brooklyn, New York. Motherboard.tv is Vice’s site devoted to the overlap between culture and technology. The reports, which are being produced solely by Vice, reflect a very transparent approach to journalism, where viewers are taken along on every step of the reporting process. We believe this unique approach is worthy of sharing with our CNN.com readers.

For one thing, I can’t stand hipsters.  But that is an aside.  The article is titled “Inside the Criminal World of Ghana’s Email Scam Gangs.” It details the rise of internet scamming in West Africa, and Ghana in particular.  The authors – in a hip, “I care about shit, but I don’t give a fuck” kind of way – talk about something called Sakawa, which is a specific Internet scam:

In the same way that hip-hop went from a music style into a descriptor for everything from pants to dancing to potato chips, Sakawa (which originally referred to a specific credit card scam) now means pretty much anything involving money — if you wear a bunch of flashy brand-name clothes you’re dressing “Sakawa,” if you’ve got a nice car it’s a “Sakawa” car — all of which makes sense considering internet scamming is the only way most Ghanaians can afford this.

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